Background on the Development of the LUPE-Toolbox
Potential is multifaceted and dynamic, yet it often goes unrecognized at school. To address this, materials are needed that not only incorporate current research but have also been field-tested in schools. The LUPE-Toolbox provides such materials, offering support to teachers in identifying and fostering their students’ potential in mathematics and natural sciences.
The LUPE-Toolbox is grounded in the Talent Development in Achievement Domains (TAD) framework (Preckel et al., 2020). The TAD framework conceptualizes the process of talent development from potential to achievement in four developmental levels that build on each other: from aptitude to competence, expertise, and transformational achievement (for further details, see Preckel et al., 2020).
In the LUPE project, a Talent model for mathematics and natural sciences has been developed that is based on the TAD framework (Krischler et al., 2021; Mack et al., 2021). Drawing from research literature, teaching practice, and German federal state curricula, talent characteristics were identified that are related to potential in the domains of mathematics and natural science. Furthermore, observable behaviors in classroom settings were defined to help recognize these characteristics.
In collaboration with experts from subject-specific pedagogy, educational psychology, and empirical educational research, diagnostic teaching materials were subsequently developed. Teachers participating in the LUPE project tested these first material drafts multiple times and provided feedback on their clarity, practical applicability in the classroom, and usefulness in identifying (new) potential. This feedback was used to refine the materials in the LUPE-Toolbox and to add examples that facilitate the evaluation of students’ behavior.

The LUPE-Toolbox combines various methods that teachers can use to identify potential of their students, including observations, interviews, student self-assessments, and the evaluation of classroom products. Each method offers its own perspective on performance and potential. To achieve a comprehensive understanding, these methods are combined and the information gained is integrated.
Overall, the LUPE-Toolbox provides a wide range of practical, field-tested materials that can be used as modular components in the classroom. Teachers have the flexibility to adapt these materials to their specific class and teaching context. However, the diagnostic situations must remain unchanged and are labeled as "core elements" for this purpose. For successful implementation, teachers are encouraged to participate in LUPE training courses and refer to the LUPE-Toolbox manual.
References and Publications from the LUPE Project
Fischer, C., Gnas, J. & Preckel, F. (2022). Erkennen und Fördern als pädagogisch-didaktisches Grundprinzip [Recognising and supporting as a basic pedagogical-didactic principle]. In G. Weigand, C. Fischer, F. Käpnick, C. Perleth, F. Preckel, M. Vock & H.-W. Wollersheim (Eds.), Dimensionen der Begabungs- und Begabtenförderung in der Schule [Dimensions of gifted and talented education at school]. LemaS Band 2 (pp. 131–144). Bielefeld: wbv.
Gnas, J., Mack, E., Matthes, J., Breit, M. & Preckel, F. (2022). Sozio-emotionales Erleben von Schule bei Grundschülerinnen und -schülern: Zusammenhänge mit intellektueller Begabung und Schulleistung [Socio-emotional experience of school in primary school pupils: Relationships with intellectual aptitude and school performance]. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 25, 1095–1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-022-01115-x
Gnas, J., Mack, E. & Preckel, F. (2022). When classmates influence teacher judgment accuracy of students’ cognitive ability: Studying frame-of-reference effects in primary school. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 69, 102070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102070
Gnas, J., Urban, J., Feuchter, M. D. & Preckel, F. (2024). Socio-emotional experiences of primary school students: Relations to teachers’ underestimation, overestimation, or accurate judgment of their cognitive ability. Social Psychology of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-024-09915-1
Krischler, M., Breit, M., Mack, E. & Preckel, F. (2020). LUPE – Leistung unterstützen, Potenziale entdecken. Ein Projekt zur materialgestützten Förderung diagnostischer Fähigkeiten von Grundschullehrpersonen im Mathematik- und Sachunterricht [LUPE - Supporting performance, discovering potential. A project for the material-based promotion of diagnostic skills of primary school teachers in maths and science lessons]. In G. Weigand, C. Fischer, F. Käpnick, C. Perleth, F. Preckel, M. Vock & H.-W. Wollersheim (Eds.), Leistung macht Schule. Förderung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler (pp. 203–212) [LemaS. Supporting high-achieving and potentially high-achieving pupils]. Weinheim: Beltz.
Krischler, M., Mack, E., Gnas, J., Breit, M., Matthes, J. & Preckel, F. (2021). A research-practice cooperation to support elementary school teachers’ diagnostic competencies based on a working theory of talent development in STEM. Gifted and Talented International, 36(1–2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332276.2021.1961329
Mack, E., Breit, M., Krischler, M., Gnas, J. & Preckel, F. (2021). Talent development in natural science in elementary school: A juxtaposition of research and practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, 104, 103366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103366
Mack, E., Gnas, J., Matthes, J., Breit, M. & Preckel, F. (2022). Wie können Lehrpersonen dabei unterstützt werden, Potenziale der Schülerinnen und Schüler zu erkennen? Die LUPE-Stunden als Beispiel [How can teachers be supported in recognising pupils' potential? The LUPE lessons as an example]. In G. Weigand, C. Fischer, F. Käpnick, C. Perleth, F. Preckel, M. Vock & H.-W. Wollersheim (Eds.), Dimensionen der Begabungs- und Begabtenförderung in der Schule. [Dimensions of gifted and talented education at school]. LemaS Band 2 (pp. 145–163). wbv Publikation.
Mack, E., Gnas, J., Vock, M. & Preckel, F. (2023). The domain-specificity of elementary school teachers’ judgment accuracy. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 72, Artikel 102142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102142
Matthes, J., Gnas, J., Mack, E. & Preckel, F. (in Druck). Der LUPE-Koffer „Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften“ – Leistung unterstützen, Potenziale erkennen [The LUPE-Toolbox ‘Mathematics and Science’ - supporting performance, recognising potential]. In G. Weigand, C. Fischer, F. Käpnick, C. Perleth, F. Preckel, M. Vock & H.-W. Wollersheim (Eds.), Wege begabungsfördernder Schulen - Transformative Impulse aus Wissenschaft und Praxis [Ways of promoting gifted schools - transformative impulses from science and practice]. LemaS Band 3. Bielefeld: wbv.
Preckel, F. (2021). Das TAD Framework. Ein Rahmenmodell zur Beschreibung von Begabung und Leistung unter einer Talententwicklungsperspektive [The TAD Framework. A framework for describing potential and performance from a talent development perspective]. In V. Müller-Oppliger & G. Weigand (Eds.), Handbuch Begabung [Handbook on talent] (pp. 274–289). Weinheim: Beltz.
Preckel, F., Golle, J., Grabner, R., Jarvin, L., Kozbelt, A., Müllensiefen, D., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., Schneider, W., Subotnik, R., Vock, M. & Worrell, F. C. (2020). Talent development in achievement domains: A psychological framework for within- and cross-domain research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 691–722.
Preckel, F. (2022). Hochbegabung unter einer Entwicklungsperspektive: Grundlagen und Implikationen für die Empirische Bildungsforschung [Giftedness from a Developmental Perspective: Foundations and Implications for Empirical Educational Research]. In H. Reinders, D. Bergs-Winkels, I. Post & A. Prochnow (Eds.), Empirische Bildungsforschung [Empirical educational research]. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27277-7_62
Preckel, F., Breit, M., Mack, E. & Krischler, M. (2020). Konzeption des LemaS-Projekts im Rahmen der Bund-Länder-Initiative [Conception of the LemaS project as part of the federal-state initiative]. In G. Weigand, C. Fischer, F. Käpnick, C. Perleth, F. Preckel, M. Vock & H.-W. Wollersheim (Eds.), Leistung macht Schule. Förderung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler (pp. 31–42) [LemaS. Supporting high-achieving and potentially high-achieving pupils]. Weinheim: Beltz.
Preckel, F. & Vock, M. (2021). Hochbegabung. Ein Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Diagnose und Fördermöglichkeiten [Giftedness and Talent: What Educators and Psychologists Need to Know] (2nd ed., fully revised). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Vock, M., Weigand, G., Preckel, F., Fischer, C., Käpnick, F., Perleth, C. & Wollersheim, H.-W. (2020). Wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund des Lemas-Projekts. Forschungsstand zur Förderung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler [Scientific background of the LemaS project. State of research on the promotion of high-achieving and potentially high-achieving pupils]. In G. Weigand, C. Fischer, F. Käpnick, C. Perleth, F. Preckel, M. Vock & H.-W. Wollersheim (Eds.), Leistung macht Schule. Förderung leistungsstarker und potenziell besonders leistungsfähiger Schülerinnen und Schüler (pp. 23–30) [LemaS. Supporting high-achieving and potentially high-achieving pupils]. Weinheim: Beltz.