Prof. Dr. Uwe Jirjahn
Research
Labor Economics, Personnel Economics, Population Economics, Applied Microeconomics
Publications
Recent Working Papers
Working from Home and Performance Pay: Individual or Collective Payment Schemes? IZA DP, No. 17234, 2024 (with Cinzia Rienzo)
Variable Pay and Work Hours: Does Performance Pay Reduce the Gender Time Gap? GLO DP, No. 1450, 2024 (with Mehrzad B. Baktash and John S. Heywood)
Are Managers More Machiavellian than Other Employees? IZA DP, No. 16361, 2023 (with Mehrzad B. Baktash)
Variable Payment Schemes and Productivity: Do Individual-Based Schemes Really Have a Stronger Influence than Collective Ones? IZA DP, No. 16267, 2023 (with Jens Mohrenweiser)
Does Society Influence the Gender Gap in Risk Attitudes? Evidence from East and West Germany, IZA DP, No. 12100, 2019 (with Cornelia Chadi)
Books
X-Ineffizienz, Managementanreize und Produktmarktwettbewerb, Bern et al.: Peter Lang Verlag (Allokation im marktwirtschaftlichen System Bd. 49), 2004.
Effizienzwirkungen von Erfolgsbeteiligung und Partizipation: Eine mikroökonomische Analyse, Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag (Studien zur Arbeitsmarktforschung Bd. 11), 1998.
Articles in Refeered Journals
Does Performance Pay Increase the Risk of Marital Instability? Review of Economics of the Household, Forthcoming (with Mehrzad B. Baktash and John S. Heywood).
Works Councils and Workers' Party Preferences in Germany, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Forthcoming (with Thi Xuan Thu Le).
Gibt es eine demokratische Dividende betrieblicher Mitbestimmung? Neue Zeitschrift für Arbeitsrecht, 41. Jg., 2024: S. 1119-1123.
Immigrants and Trade Union Membership: Does Integration into Society and Workplace Play a Moderating Role? British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 62, 2024, pp. 262-292 (with Fenet Jima Bedaso).
Political Spillovers of Workplace Democracy in Germany, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Vol. 95, 2024, pp. 5-31 (with Thi Xuan Thu Le).
Management Practices and Productivity: Does Employee Representation Play a Moderating Role? Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 34, 2024, pp. 236-254 (with Marie-Christine Laible and Jens Mohrenweiser).
Membership in Employers' Associations and Collective Bargaining Coverage in Germany, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 44, 2023, pp. 798-826.
Big Five Personality Traits and Sex, Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 36, 2023, pp. 549-580 (with Martha Ottenbacher).
On the Determinants of Bargaining-free Membership in German Employers' Associations, Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 53, 2022, pp. 545-558.
Performance Pay and Alcohol Use in Germany, Industrial Relations, Vol. 61, 2022, pp. 353-383 (with Mehrzad B. Baktash and John S. Heywood).
Work Councils and Workplace Health Promotion in Germany, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 43, 2022, pp. 1059-1094 (with Jens Mohrenweiser and Stephen C. Smith).
Worker Stress and Performance Pay: German Survey Evidence, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 201, 2022, pp. 276-291 (with Mehrzad B. Baktash and John S. Heywood).
A Note on Risk Attitude and Nonmarital Birth, Empirical Economics Letters, Vol. 21 (3), 2022, pp. 7-13 (with Cornelia Chadi).
Flexible Work Organization and Employer Provided Training: Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data, Kyklos, Vol. 75, 2022, pp. 3-29 (with Annika Campaner and John S. Heywood).
Foreign Owners and Centralized Collective Bargaining: Direct and Indirect Influences, Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 64, 2022, pp. 101-123.
Foreign Ownership and Intra‐Firm Union Density in Germany, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 42, 2021, pp.1052-1079.
Work Councils and Organizational Gender Policies in Germany, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 59, 2021, pp. 1020-1048 (with Jens Mohrenweiser).
Out-of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany, Review of Economics of the Household, Vol. 18, 2020, pp. 853-881 (with Cornelia Chadi).
Product Market Competition and Employer Provided Training in Germany, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 29, 2020, pp. 533-556 (with John S. Heywood and Annika Campaner).
Performance Pay and Applicant Screening, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 57, 2019, pp. 540-575 (with Jens Mohrenweiser).
Single Motherhood in East and West Germany: What Can Explain the Differences? European Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol.15, 2018, pp. 197-229 (with Cornelia Struewing).
Works Councils and Employer Attitudes toward HRM Practices, Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, Vol. 1, 2018, pp. 98-127.
Nonunion Employee Representation: Theory and the German Experience with Mandated Works Councils, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Vol. 89, 2018, pp. 201-234 (with Stephen C. Smith).
The Adoption and Termination of Profit Sharing for Employees: Does Management’s Attitude Play a Role? Applied Economics, Vol. 50, 2018, pp. 108-127.
Locus of Control and Performance Appraisal, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 142, 2017, pp. 205-225 (with John S. Heywood and Cornelia Struewing).
Works Councils and Collective Bargaining in Germany: A Simple Theoretical Extension to Reconcile Conflicting Empirical Findings, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 173, 2017, pp. 322-346.
Foreign Owners and the Quality of Industrial Relations in Germany, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 38, 2017, pp. 5-25 (with Verena Dill).
The Hiring and Employment of Older Workers in Germany: A Comparative Perspective, Journal for Labour Market Research, Vol. 49, 2016, pp. 349-366 (with John S. Heywood).
Owner-Managers and the Failure of Newly Adopted Works Councils, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 54, 2016, pp. 815-845 (with Jens Mohrenweiser).
Foreign Owners and Perceived Job Insecurity in Germany: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 37, 2016, pp. 1286-1303 (with Verena Dill).
Performance Pay and Productivity: A Note on the Moderating Role of a High-Wage Policy, Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 37, 2016, pp. 507-511.
Which Employers Regard the Threat of Dismissal as a Suitable Incentive to Motivate Workers?, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 23, 2016, pp. 614-617.
Do Foreign Owners Favor Short-Term Profit? Evidence from Germany, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 40, 2016, pp.123-140 (with Verena Dill and Stephen C. Smith).
Residential Segregation and Immigrants' Satisfaction with the Neighborhood in Germany, Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 96, 2015, pp. 354-368 (with Verena Dill and Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Reciprocity and Workers' Tastes for Representation, Journal of Labor Research, Vol. 36, 2015, pp. 188-209 (with Vanessa Lange).
Ethnic Residential Segregation and Immigrants’ Perceptions of Discrimination in West Germany, Urban Studies, Vol. 51, 2014, pp. 3330-3347 (with Verena Dill).
Variable Pay, Industrial Relations and Foreign Ownership: Evidence from Germany, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 52, 2014, pp. 521-552 (with John S. Heywood).
Reciprocity and Profit Sharing: Is There an Inverse U-shaped Relationship?, Journal of Labor Research, Vol. 35, 2014, pp. 205-225 (with Thomas Cornelissen and John S. Heywood).
Nonunion Worker Representation, Foreign Owners and Firm Performance, Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 66, 2014, pp. 140-163 (with Steffen Müller).
Der Beitrag der Arbeitsmarktökonomik zur Erforschung von Gewerkschaften und Tarifvertragsbeziehungen in Deutschland, Industrielle Beziehungen, 20. Jg., 2013, S. 367-392.
The Use of Performance Appraisal Systems: Evidence from Dutch Establishment Data, Industrial Relations, Vol 52., 2013, pp. 801-828 (with Erik Poutsma).
Spillover Use and Innovation Success: What Role Does R&D Play? Empirical Economics Letters, Vol. 12, 2013, pp. 487-492.
Religion and Earnings: Is It Good to Be an Atheist with Religious Parental Background?, Economics Letters, Vol. 117, 2012, pp. 905-908 (with Thomas Cornelißen).
September 11th and the Earnings of Muslims in Germany – The Moderating Role of Education and Firm Size, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 81, 2012, pp. 490-504 (with Thomas Cornelißen).
Nonunion Worker Representation and the Closure of Establishments: German Evidence on the Role of Moderating Factors, Economic and Industrial Democracy, Vol. 33, 2012, pp. 4-26.
Gender, Worker Representation and the Profitability of Firms in Germany, European Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 8, 2011, pp. 281-298.
Part-Time Work and the Hiring of Older Workers, Applied Economics, Vol. 43, 2011, pp. 4239-4255 (with John S. Heywood and Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Do Spillovers Stimulate Incremental or Drastic Product Innovations? Evidence from German Establishment Data, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 73, 2011, pp. 509-538 (with Kornelius Kraft).
Works Councils and Learning: On the Dynamic Dimension of Codetermination, Kyklos, Vol. 64, 2011, pp. 427-447 (with Jens Mohrenweiser and Uschi Backes-Gellner).
Performance Pay, Risk Attitudes and Job Satisfaction, Labour Economics, Vol. 18, 2011, pp. 229-239 (with Thomas Cornelissen and John S. Heywood).
Ökonomische Wirkungen der Mitbestimmung in Deutschland: Ein Update, Schmollers Jahrbuch, 131. Jg., 2011, S. 3-57.
Teamwork and Intra-Firm Wage Dispersion Among Blue-Collar Workers, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 57, 2010, pp. 404-429 (with Kornelius Kraft).
Works Councils and Employment Growth in German Establishments, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 34, 2010, pp. 475-500.
Hiring Older Workers and Employing Older Workers: German Evidence, Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 23, 2010, pp. 595-615 (with John S.Heywood and Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Profit Sharing and Firm Size: The Role of Team Production, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 71, 2009, pp. 246-258 (with John S. Heywood).
The Introduction of Works Councils in German Establishments – Rent Seeking or Rent Protection? British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 47, 2009, pp. 521-545.
Family Friendly Practices and Worker Representation, Industrial Relations, Vol. 48, 2009, pp. 121-145 (with John S. Heywood).
Class Size, Student Performance and Tiebout Bias, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 16, 2009, pp. 1049-1052 (with Georgi Tsertsvadze and Christian Pfeifer).
Mikroökonomische Beschäftigungseffekte des Hamburger Modells zur Beschäftigungsförderung – Evaluation eines Kombilohns, Schmollers Jahrbuch, 129. Jg., 2009, S. 37-82 (mit Christian Pfeifer und Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Teamwork, Monitoring and Absence, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 68, 2008, pp. 676-690 (with John S. Heywood and Xiangdong Wei).
On the Determinants of Shift Work and Overtime Work: Evidence from German Establishment Data, British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 46, 2008, pp. 133-168.
Parental Background and Earnings: German Evidence on Direct and Indirect Relationships, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Vol. 228, 2008, S. 554-572 (mit Thomas Cornelißen und Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Works Councils and Employment Growth: A Reply to Addison and Teixeira, Industrielle Beziehungen, 15. Jg., 2008, S. 436-449.
Betriebsräte und Beschäftigungswachstum: Spielt die Spezifikation der Betriebsgröße eine Rolle für den geschätzten Zusammenhang? Industrielle Beziehungen, 15. Jg., 2008, S. 279-291.
R&D and the Use of Spillovers, Economics Letters, Vol. 96, 2007, pp. 84-88.
Intra-firm Wage Dispersion and Firm Performance – Is There a Uniform Relationship?, Kyklos, Vol. 60, 2007, pp. 231-253 (with Kornelius Kraft).
Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Bereitschaft Studiengebühren zu zahlen? Schmollers Jahrbuch, 127. Jg., 2007, S. 343-372.
Welche Faktoren beeinflussen den Erfolg im wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Studium? Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung, Vol. 59, 2007, S. 286-314.
Works Councils and Environmental Investment: Theory and Evidence from German Panel Data, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 60, 2006, pp. 346-372 (with Jan Erik Askildsen and Stephen C. Smith).
What Factors Lead to Management to Support or Oppose Employee Participation – with and without Works Councils? Hypotheses and Evidence from Germany, Industrial Relations, Vol. 45, 2006, pp. 650-680 (with Stephen C. Smith).
A Note on Efficiency Wage Theory and Principal-Agent Theory, Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 58, 2006, pp. 235-252.
Betriebsräte und Arbeitszufriedenheit, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Vol. 226, 2006, S. 537-561 (mit Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Ökonomische Wirkungen der Mitbestimmung in Deutschland: Überblick über den Stand der Forschung und Perspektiven für zukünftige Studien, Sozialer Fortschritt, 55. Jg., 2006, S.215-226.
Getting along with Colleagues – Does Profit Sharing Help or Hurt?, Kyklos, Vol. 58, 2005, pp. 557-573 (with John S. Heywood and Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Does Profit Sharing Reduce Conflict with the Boss? Evidence from Germany, International Economic Journal, Vol. 19, 2005, pp. 235-250 (with John S. Heywood and Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Ökonomische Wirkungen des novellierten Betriebsverfassungsgesetzes – Was können wir vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Globalisierung und veränderter arbeitsorganisatorischer Bedingungen erwarten? Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung, 38. Jg., 2005, S. 241-267.
Teams, Teamwork and Absence, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, 2004, pp. 765-782 (with John S. Heywood).
Gender, Piece Rates and Wages: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 28, 2004, pp. 683-704 (with Gesine Stephan).
Bevölkerungsanteil und Sprachkenntnisse von Migranten, Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, 55. Jg., 2004, 142-162 (mit Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Principal-Agent-Probleme, X-Ineffizienz und allokative Ineffizienz: Monopol vs. Kartell, Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, 74. Jg., Ergänzungsheft 4, 2004, 79-106.
Works Councils and Collective Bargaining in Germany: The Impact on Productivity and Wages, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 50, 2003, pp. 1-21 (with Olaf Hübler).
Executive Incentives, Works Councils and Firm Performance, Schmollers Jahrbuch, 123. Jg., 2003, S. 397-421.
Produktivitätswirkungen betrieblicher Mitbestimmung – Welchen Einfluss haben Betriebsgröße und Tarifbindung? Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, 73. Jg., Ergänzungsheft 4, 2003, S. 63-85.
Betriebsräte, Tarifverträge und betriebliches Lohnniveau, Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 36. Jg., 2003, S. 649-660.
Payment Schemes and Gender in Germany, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 56, 2002, pp. 44-64 (with John S. Heywood).
Employer Provided Further Training: Evidence from German Establishment Data, Schmollers Jahrbuch, 121. Jg., 2001, S. 1-26 (with Knut Gerlach).
Incentives for Multitasking: Fixed Wages or Profit Sharing? Economic Analysis, Vol. 3, 2000, pp. 137-148.
Variable Payment Schemes and Industrial Relations: Evidence from Germany, Kyklos, Vol. 51, 1998, pp. 237-257 (with John S. Heywood and Olaf Hübler).
Technischer Fortschritt, Arbeitsorganisation und Qualifikation: eine empirische Analyse für das Verarbeitende Gewerbe Niedersachsens, Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 31. Jg., 1998, S. 426-437 (mit Knut Gerlach).
Book Chapters
Corporate Globalization and Worker Representation, in K.F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2024.
Works Councils, in T. Eriksson (ed), Encyclopedia of Labour Studies, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023, pp. 251-256.
Globalisierung und betriebliche Mitbestimmung, in: S. Fietze, D. Holtmann und F. Schramm (Hrsg.), Zwischen Provinzen und Metropolen - Stationen einer sozioökonomischen Reise, Rainer Hammp Verlag, 2018, S.93-101
The Contribution of Labour Economics to the Analysis of Unions and Collective Bargaining in Germany, in: I. Artus et al. (eds.), Developments in German Industrial Relations, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016: 187-220.
Industrielle Beziehungen und Innovationserfolg, in: K. Gerlach, O. Hübler und S. Thomsen (Hrsg.), Arbeitsmarkt und Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Niedersachsen, Niedersächsisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung: NIW Vortragsreihe Band 18, 2012, S. 43-53.
Mitbestimmung aus ökonomischer Perspektive, in: D. Hexel (Hrsg.), Never Change a Winning System – Erfolg durch Mitbestimmung, Schüren Verlag, 2009, S. 73 – 83.
Performance Pay: Determinants and Consequences, in: D. Lewin (ed.), Contemporary Issues in Industrial Relations (LERA Research Volume), Labor and Employment Relations Association: Champaign IL, 2006, pp. 149-188 (with John S. Heywood).
Gender and Wages in Germany: The Impact of Product Market Competition and Collective Bargaining, in: J. S. Heywood and J. Peoples (eds.), Product Market Structure and Labor Market Discrimination, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2006, pp. 59-80 (with Gesine Stephan).
Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und internationale Kooperationen, in: D. Morschett, B. Swoboda und J. Zentes (Hrsg.), Kooperationen, Allianzen und Netzwerke – Grundlagen, Ansätze, Perspektiven, 2. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005, S. 301-321 (mit Kornelius Kraft und Jörg Stank).
Determinanten der Studien- und Lebenszufriedenheit - Eine empirische Untersuchung für wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Studiengänge an den Universitäten Hannover, Paderborn und Regensburg, in: L. Bellmann und D. Sadowski (Hrsg.), Bildungsökonomische Analysen mit Mikrodaten, Nürnberg: BeitrAB, 2005, S. 85-102 (mit Afi Kuzeawu).
Determinanten der ethnischen Segregation, in: L. Bellmann, O. Hübler, W. Meyer und G. Stephan (Hrsg.), Institutionen, Löhne und Beschäftigung, Nürnberg: BeitrAB, 2005, S. 189-206 (mit Georgi Tsertsvadze).
Welche Betriebe nutzen Schichtarbeit? In: L. Bellmann und C. Schnabel (Hrsg.), Betriebliche Arbeitszeitpolitik im Wandel, Nürnberg: BeitrAB, 2004, S. 67-85.
Produktmarktwettbewerb und Prozessinnovationen: eigentümergeleitete vs. managergeleitete Betriebe, in: L. Bellmann und R. Hujer (Hrsg.), Betriebliche Innovationen im Spiegel von Betriebsbefragungen, Nürnberg: BeitrAB, 2003, S. 83-108.
The German Experience with Performance Pay, in: M. Brown and J.S. Heywood (eds.), Paying for Performance: An International Comparison, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2002, pp.148-178.
Arbeitsproduktivität, Reorganisationsmaßnahmen und Betriebsräte, in: L. Bellmann und A. Kölling (Hrsg.), Betrieblicher Wandel und Fachkräftebedarf, Nürnberg: BeitrAB, 2002, S. 1-45 (mit Olaf Hübler).
Betriebliche Sonderzahlungen - Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Analyse, in: B. Frick, R. Neubäumer und W. Sesselmeier (Hrsg.), Die Anreizwirkungen betrieblicher Zusatzleistungen, München und Mering: Rainer Hampp Verlag, 1999, S. 33-67 (mit Gesine Stephan).
Längerfristige Beschäftigung, personalpolitische Konzepte und Beschäftigungsentwicklung, in: P. de Gijsel et al. (Hrsg.), Ökonomie und Gesellschaft. Jahrbuch 15: Unternehmungsverhalten und Arbeitslosigkeit, Frankfurt/Main, New York: Campus, 1999, S. 180-215 (mit Knut Gerlach).
Lohnhöhe, industrielle Beziehungen und Produktmärkte, in: L. Bellmann, S. Kohaut u. M. Lahner (Hrsg.), Zur Entwicklung von Lohn und Beschäftigung auf der Basis von Betriebs- und Unternehmensdaten, Nürnberg: BeitrAB, 1999, S. 27-54 (mit Thomas Klodt).
Determinanten betrieblicher Weiterbildungsaktivitäten: Eine empirische Untersuchung mit Daten des Hannoveraner Firmenpanels, in: F. Pfeiffer und W. Pohlmeier (Hrsg.), Qualifikation, Weiterbildung und Arbeitsmarkterfolg, ZEW Wirtschaftsanalysen, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 1998, S. 311-337 (mit Knut Gerlach).
Betriebliche Determinanten der Lohnhöhe, in: K. Gerlach, O. Hübler und W. Meyer (Hg.), Ökonomische Analysen betrieblicher Strukturen und Entwicklungen: Das Hannoveraner Firmenpanel, Frankfurt/Main, New York: Campus Verlag, 1998, S. 91-115 (mit Thomas Klodt).
Zeit-, Leistungs- und Gruppenentlohnung - Empirische Untersuchungen mit Betriebsdaten zur Entlohnungsart, in: K. Gerlach, O. Hübler und W. Meyer (Hg.), Ökonomische Analysen betrieblicher Strukturen und Entwicklungen: Das Hannoveraner Firmenpanel, Frankfurt/Main, New York: Campus Verlag, 1998, S. 148-172. (mit Olaf Hübler).
Other Publications
Editorial: Betriebliche Mitbestimmung, Industrielle Beziehungen- German Journal of Industrial Relations (Special Issue), Forthcoming (with Hermann Kotthoff)
Betriebliche Sozialpolitik, in: C. Scholz (Hrsg.), Vahlens Großes Personallexikon, München: Verlag Vahlen, 2010.
Corporate Governance, in: C. Scholz (Hrsg.), Vahlens Großes Personallexikon, München: Verlag Vahlen, 2010.
Partizipation, in: C. Scholz (Hrsg.), Vahlens Großes Personallexikon, München: Verlag Vahlen, 2010.
Unternehmensmitbestimmung, in: C. Scholz (Hrsg.), Vahlens Großes Personallexikon, München: Verlag Vahlen, 2010.
Kombilohn in Hamburg – Befristete Lohnsubventionen mit Erfolg (mit Susanne Koch, Christian Pfeifer und Georgi Tsertsvadze), IAB Kurzbericht, Nr. 20, 2006, Nürnberg.
Beschäftigungsmodelle von morgen, in: Neue Hanse Interregio (Hrsg.), Teilzeitarbeit: Chancen - Bedingungen - Barrieren, Dokumentation zum deutsch-niederländischen Symposium, Oldenburg, 1998, S.30-39.