| 1983-1988 | Studies in Ancient, Medieval and Modern History and in Bibliology at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (G) and the Université de Bourgogne à Dijon (F) |
| 1988 | Magister Artium (M.A.). Master's thesis: The economical resources of Roman senators in the last two centuries of the Empire |
| 1990 | Doctorate in Ancient History from the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, dissertation on the Western Roman senate as a representative of ancient continuity during the reign of the Ostrogoth kings of Italy, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Heinz Bellen ("Der weströmische Senat als Träger antiker Kontinuität unter den Ostgotenkönigen, 490-540 n.Chr.) |
| 1997 | Habilitation (Dr. habil.) with a thesis on the significance of procurators of private individuals in the Roman Empire ("Spitzenmanagement in Republik und Kaiserzeit. Die Prokuratoren von Privatpersonen im Imperium Romanum vom 2. Jh. v.Chr. bis zum 3. Jh. n.Chr.") at the University of Regensburg (G) |
